Grade 8
I.	Inquiry								Project WILD	Aquatic Project WILD
	A.	Abilities Necessary to do Scientific Inquiry
	1.  Identify process skills that can be used in scientific investigations.
		a.    Observe
			1	Observe patterns of objects and events.					182-Fire Ecologies	A-22 Puddle Wonders!
									102-Urban Nature Search
			2	Distinguish between qualitative and quantitative observations.
		b.    Classify
			1	Arrange data in sequential order.					182-Fire Ecologies	A-86 Fishy Who's Who
										A-130 The Glass Menagerie
										A-110 Where Have All The Salmon Gone?
			2	Use scientific (e.g., field guides, charts, periodic tables, etc.) and dichotomous keys for classification.					14-Interview A Spider	A-86 Fishy Who's Who
										A-130 The Glass Menagerie
										A-110 Where Have All The Salmon Gone?
										A-100 Aquatic Roots
										A-38 Water Canaries
										A-12 Water Plant Art
		c.    Measure								A-130 The Glass Menagerie
			1	Select and use appropriate tools (e.g., metric ruler, graduated cylinder, thermometer, balances, spring scales, and stopwatches) and units (e.g., meter, liter, Celsius, gram, Newton, and second) to measure to the unit required in a particular situation.						A-22 Puddle Wonders!
										A-172 Watershed
										A-26 Whale Of A Tail
										A-82 Where Does Water Run Off…?
			2	Select and use appropriate metric prefixes to include milli-, centi-, and kilo-.
		d.    Infer							274-No Water Off A Duck's Back	A-130 The Glass Menagerie
			1	Make inferences based on observations.					152-Carrying Capacity	A-22 Puddle Wonders!
									56-Habitrekking	A-172 Watershed
									276-Keeping Score	A-142 Deadly Skies
									46-My Kingdom For A Shelter
		e.     Predict
			1	Predict the results of actions based on patterns in data and experiences.					274-No Water Off A Duck's Back	A-130 The Glass Menagerie
									152-Carrying Capacity	A-22 Puddle Wonders!
										A-172 Watershed
	2.  Design and conduct a scientific investigation.
		a.    Recognize potential hazards within a scientific investigation and practice appropriate safety procedures.							198-Wildlife Research
		b.    Pose questions and problems to be investigated.							198-Wildlife Research
		c.    Obtain scientific information from a variety of sources (such as Internet, electronic encyclopedias, journals, community resources, etc.).
									198-Wildlife Research
									170-Here Today, Gone Tomorrow
		d.    Distinguish and operationally define independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables.
									198-Wildlife Research
		e.    Manipulate one variable over time with repeated trials and controlled conditions.
									198-Wildlife Research
		f.    Collect and record data using appropriate metric measurements.
		g.   Organize data in tables and graphs.							182-Fire Ecologies	A-146 Deadly Waters
									170-Here Today, Gone Tomorrow
		h.    Analyze data to construct explanations and draw conclusions.							198-Wildlife Research	A-130 The Glass Menagerie
									182-Fire Ecologies	A-22 Puddle Wonders!
	3	Use appropriate tools and techniques to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
									76-Eco-Enrichers	A-130 The Glass Menagerie
		a.    Select and use appropriate tools and technology (such as calculators, computers, probes, thermometers, balances, spring scales, microscopes, binoculars, and hand lenses) to perform tests, collect data, and display data.								A-22 Puddle Wonders!
										A-64 Micro Odyssey
										A-38 Water Canaries
		b.    Analyze and interpret data using computer hardware and software designed for these purposes.
	4.   Develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models using evidence.
		a.   Discriminate among observations, inferences, and predictions.								A-142 Deadly Skies
										A-22 Puddle Wonders!
	b.   Construct and/or use models to carry out/support scientific investigations.								46-My Kingdom For A Shelter
									176-Planting Animals
									284-Planning For People And Wildlife
	5.  Think critically and logically to make relationships between evidence and explanations.
		a.    Review and summarize data to show cause-effect relationships in experiments.							276-Keeping Score	A-142 Deadly Skies
										A-130 The Glass Menagerie
		b.    State explanations in terms of independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables.
		c.    State hypotheses in ways that include the independent (manipulated) and dependent (responding) variables.
	6.  Recognize and analyze alternative explanations and predictions.
	7.  Communicate scientific procedures and explanations.
		a.   Use drawings, written and oral expression to communicate information.							114-Adaptation Artistry	A-126 Aquatic Times
									308-Flip The Switch For Wildlife	A-72 Blue Ribbon Niche
									56-Habitrekking	A-88 Fashion A Fish
									120-Polar Bears In Phoenix?	A-48 Kelp Help
									110-Pond Succession
									156-Time Lapse
		b.  Create drawings, diagrams, charts, tables, and graphs to communicate data.							114-Adaptation Artistry
									308-Flip The Switch For Wildlife
		c.    Interpret and describe patterns of data on drawings, diagrams, charts, tables, graphs, and maps.
		d.  Create and/or use scientific models to communicate information.								A-20 Designing A Habitat
	8.  Use mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry.
		a.   Use mathematics to gather, organize, and present data.							154-I'm Thirsty	A-22 Puddle Wonders!
									304-Water's Going On?!	A-38 Water Canaries
										A-82 Where Does Water Run Off…?
		b.    Use mathematics to structure convincing explanations.							154-I'm Thirsty	A-22 Puddle Wonders!
									304-Water's Going On?!	A-82 Where Does Water Run Off…?
	B.	Understandings about Scientific Inquiry
		1.    Different kinds of questions suggest different kinds of scientific investigations.
		a.	Relate how the kind of question being asked directs the type of investigation conducted (e.g., observing and describing, collecting, experimenting, surveying, inventing, and making models).
	2. Current scientific knowledge and understanding guide scientific investigations.
	3.  Mathematics is important in all aspects of scientific inquiry.
	4.  Technology used to gather data enhances accuracy
		and allows scientists to analyze and quantify results.
		a.   Compare and contrast the quality of data collected with and without
			technological devices.
	5.  Scientific explanations emphasize evidence, have
		logically consistent arguments and use scientific
		principles, models and theories.
		a.  Discuss how scientific knowledge advances when new scientific
			explanations displace previously accepted knowledge.
	6.  Science advances through legitimate skepticism.
	7.  Scientific investigations sometimes result in new
		ideas and phenomena for study.
	C.	Abilities of Technological Design
	1. Identify appropriate problems for technological design.
		a.   Identify a specific need for a product.
		b.   Determine whether the product will meet the needs and be used.